Designing a process of Intercultural aspects of conflict resolution Essay Example for Free

Designing a process of Intercultural aspects of conflict resolution Essay In the course to evolve a systematic cultural response to conflict, the first step is to breed familiarity among cultures that adds plurality and multicultural dimension to broaden existing views. In the process of evolving cultural familiarity communication, approaches towards conflict, cultural interpretation of life and identities and roles are identified as essential parameters (Carbaugh, 1990). Out of these, role and range of communication has already been discussed. Now it is time to look at rest of three factors. Responses towards a conflict situation are largely culture dependent, guided by the ways each culture has systemized itself towards conflict. Direct and straightforward ways of approaching conflict, generally acceptable in western society, may seem threatening and offensive in eastern cultures accustomed to third party negotiations. Similarly, cultures that follow calm and reasonable response to conflict, may feel intimidated by emotional and passionate response to conflict situation (Carbaugh, 1990). Cultural interpretation of life sets the starting point for people that forms basis of their thinking, values and philosophy, eventually deciding the role they would play in every conflict and their outcome they come across. It is the cultural orientation that makes societies disciplined or diffused, generalized or specific, value oriented or bohemian, and cooperative or isolated (Carbaugh, 1990). Hence cultural conflict resolution ultimately depends on the depth of understanding attained through interaction. References Burrel, N. A, 1990. Theory and Research in Conflict Management. edit M. Afzalur Rahim editor. Praeger Publishers. :New York Rahim, M. A (2001), Managing Conflict in Organizations. Contributors: M. Afzalur: Quorum Books. Westport, CT Handbook of Conflict Management. (2003) . Jerri Killian ,William J. Pammer Jr. (edits): Marcel Dekker. New York. Womack, D. F, 1990. Theory and Research in Conflict Management. edit M. Afzalur Rahim editor. Praeger Publishers.:New York. Leborn, M. 2003. Culture and Conflict. Accessed online on 17. 11. 2007. http://www. beyondintractability. org/essay/culture_conflict/ Grosse, C. U. 2002. Managing Communication within Virtual Intercultural Teams Business Communication Quarterly, Vol. 65, 2002. Holliday, A. , Hyde, M. ,, Kullman, J. 2004. Intercultural Communication: An Advanced Resource Book; Routledge, Carbaugh, D. 1990 Cultural Communication and Intercultural Contact; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Preparing Teachers for Certification Essay -- essays papers

Preparing Teachers for Certification Each state has its own specific standards that are constantly under revision. The state of Maryland issues teacher certificates for early child hood, elementary education, special education, and then several areas of secondary education. Many of these areas are the traditional, core subjects but certificates can also be obtained in areas like outdoor education, agriculture, data processing, or as a work based learning coordinator. (Certification Educator Information System, n.d.) To gain certification in each area, a prospective teacher must complete an approved program that leads to that particular certification. The traditional method of certification is through college and university programs and each one has its requirements and guide lines that will lead to such certification. In addition, â€Å"all candidates applying for an initial teacher certificate are required to present qualifying scores on the Praxis I Academic Skills Assessments and the appropriate Praxis II Subject an d Pedagogy Assessment, where required. Out-of-state candidates must meet Maryland's qualifying scores.† (Certification Educator Information System, n.d.) Information for teachers on locations, dates, and fees can be found at the Maryland State Department of Education home page. There are several different certificates that a teacher can receive upon completion of an approved program. For example, a PEC or Professional Eligibility Certificate will be issued after all certification requirements are completed and will be valid for five years to someone not currently employed in the state of Maryland (Certification Educator Information System, n.d.) Other examples of possible certificates are the Standard Professional... ...but the information is a little old since it was published in 1997. Lucas, C. (1997). Teacher education in america: reform agenda for the twenty-first century. New York: St. Martin’s Press Includes historical perspectives, as well as origins and development of teacher education in America. There is also a portion about recommendations from working teachers. This source is also a little outdated. Mack-Kirschner, A.(2003). The teacher's guide to national board certification: unpacking the standards. New Hampshire: Heinemann. This is an overview of the National Board's certification standards. She's actually explaining to teachers the preparation they must go through to get their certification. I think this is a great source for me. I have two other books with a lot of good information but this one was published in 2003 so the information is up to date.

How Far Does the Poet Want Us to Symphatize with Miss Havisham Essay

How Far Does the Poet Want Us to Sympathize with Miss Havisham? The poet wants us to sympathized Miss Havisham greatly, but not entirely. Her own trappings of her strong need to revenge and her morbid existence that has destroyed her carries a symbolic meaning of self – absorption and destruction. This poem introduces us to Miss Harvisham’s character, who has become a type of embittered woman who was disappointed in love and enjoys withdrawing from the world. First of all, this poem is written in a first person’s point of view. She begins by telling the reader the cause of her pain and suffering – her â€Å"beloved sweetheart bastard† which gravitates into a sense of bitterness and vengeance/retribution. In addition to that, the use of oxymoron in the above-said phrase indicates a contradiction of words. The words â€Å"beloved† and â€Å"sweetheart† indicates a very admirable personality, but the word â€Å"bastard† gives us a completely conflicting quality. Besides, she tells us that she not only wished him to be dead, but instead she prayed for his death, evidently by â€Å"Not a day since then I haven’t wished him dead. Prayed for it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She prayed so hard that she had â€Å"dark green pebbles for eyes and ropes on the back of my hands she could strangle with.† She uses metaphors here to explain to us that while she prayed, she had her eyes shrunk hard and felt that her hands were strong enough to strangle someone, which fits her murderous personality. It makes us feel piteous for her as seeing that she has suffered a great amount until it has reached insanity, but at the same time it makes us feel really disturbed by her mad identity. The second stanza symbolises her â€Å"self-absorption† and â€Å"self-pity† behaviours. She started off with a strong word: â€Å"Spinster†. The use of caesura in beginning of this stanza shows how much she emphasizes and detests this word. Besides, the feeling of abhorrence has been further strengthen by the use of trochee can be seen in the word â€Å"Spinster† as the first syllable is stressed. Moving on, Miss Havisham is also aware of her own stink as she does not ever change her clothes. This show how withdraw she is from the world. Moreover, she stays in bed all day and â€Å"caws† in denial, which shows how she was on the verge of irrationality and stupidity. In the end of this stanza, she ended with â€Å"who did this†. She knows very well that she was a big cause to this problem, but I feel that she also wanted to put the blame on the ex-fiancà © as she only completed her question in the next stanza. This stanza makes us feel really sorry for her seeing  that she cannot get over her past as it keeps haunting her. In the third stanza, she started to dream about her lost lover in a tenderly manner. â€Å"Some nights better, the lost body over me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  suggests that she misses her lost lover enormously. She fantasizes about herself enjoying her time with her ex-lover, but it did not last long as when she finally regain her conscience, her hatred and ager returns, evidently by â€Å"then down till I suddenly bite awake.† This stanza truly reaches out to me because I can feel that deep inside she tries to recover the wonderful memories they may have had together but she eventually decides to ignore it as she still had that tinge of anger inside her that she cannot let go. The last stanza is mainly talking about how her rage and abhorrence restores. It is somewhat similar to the first stanza, but she seems more furious in the last stanza. Thinking of how she actually â€Å"stabbed a wedding cake† shows us that she is plotting a huge revenge on a â€Å"male corpse† which we all postulate that it is her lover. This stanza makes me feel a little frightened by her as her attitude is rather alarming. Overall, I really do sympathized Miss Havisham deeply, but I do criticise some of her actions. For instance, I do not like the fact that she wants to inflict pain on others just because it is for her own sake. By praying for someone to die and planning a revenge on someone is not the right way to solve a problem. However, I do greatly pity her because of the phase she is going through. It is not easy getting over someone. In conclusion, the poet wants us all to sympathize her greatly, but only to a certain extent. We commiserate her for her peculiarity and her self-indulgence, but her sullenness and vindictiveness make us feel that she is a very vivacious and debauched person.

Marketing - 1680 Words

Market Profile for Cosmetics/Skincare/Toiletries in the Taiwan Market 1 MARKET STRUCTURE 1.1 Size 1 The size of Taiwan’s cosmetics, skincare and toiletries market is estimated at around NZ$4 billion a year. Major consumers are females aged between 20 and 39 and the average amount of money spent by a woman with purchasing power is around NZ$700 a year. Skincare products constitute the biggest share (48 percent) of the overall cosmetics, skincare and toiletries market. In terms of product function, skin whitening, anti-aging and moisturiser are the three most popular products. Anti-aging products are around 30 percent of the skincare product market. In the past few years, the growth of antiaging products has been around 60 percent per†¦show more content†¦International brands such as Shiseido (the market leader which has 11 percent of the Taiwan market), Clinique, Estee Lauder, Lancome, Elizabeth Arden, Max Factor, New Zealand Trade and Enterprise 2 Christian Dior, Bobby Brown and Shu Uemura are the leaders at the high-end of the cosmetics market. There are some domestic brands in the medium-priced levels, but foreign brands are still dominant overall. An increasing number of local brands, for example FORTE, have entered the market and are performing very well with strong promotional campaigns. 2.2 Marketing Strategies It is important to appoint a good agent or distributor as your partner to develop the Taiwan market together with appropriate backup support through product launches, education seminars and ongoing promotional and after-sales support. 2.3 Distribution Channels Distribution channels in Taiwan include traditional physical and emerging virtual channels. Traditional physical distribution channels include health and beauty stores, beauty salons, department stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets and convenience stores. Emerging virtual channels include multi-level marketing, catalogue ordering, internet shopping and television-home shopping. Like many other countries, physical distribution channels are very expensive in Taiwan. Virtual channels are relatively inexpensive in comparison. 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